- Six Sigma Tutorial
- Six Sigma DMAIC process
- Six Sigma Acceptance Sampling
- Sampling Plan Variation vs Lot Size Variation in Acceptance Sampling
- AQL Based Sampling Plans
- Decision Tree for Selecting Type of Variables in Sampling Plan
- FMEA – Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
- Types Of FMEA: Design FMEA (DFMEA), Process FMEA (PFMEA)
- The FMEA Quality Lever – Where To Put The Effort
- FMEA Quiz
- Six Sigma Confidence Intervals
- Confidence Limits
- Confidence Interval Formulas
- Z Confidence Interval for Means – Example
- t Confidence Interval for a Variance – Example
- Six Sigma Defect Metrics – DPO, DPMO, PPM, DPU Conversion table
- Fishbone Diagram – Fishbone Analysis
- Cost of Quality Defects and Hidden Factory in Six Sigma
- Pareto Analysis using Pareto Chart
- Six Sigma Calculators – DPMO, DPM, Sample Size
- How to select a Six Sigma project? Download selection grid template.
- How to create Six Sigma Histogram? Download Excel template
- Scatter Plots – Free Six Sigma Scatter Plot template
- How to create, use Six Sigma SIPOC tool? Download SIPOC Template
- Quality Function Deployment (QFD) – Download free templates
- What is Decision Matrix or Decision Making Matrix ?
- The nature of Process Variation
- What is RACI or RASCI Matrix/Chart/Diagram? Download free templates
Types Of FMEA: Design FMEA (DFMEA), Process FMEA (PFMEA)
At the DFMEA level, it is usually recommended to study each subsystem separately, and each component separately. Their inter-relations can be evaluated in the System FMEA.
The System FMEA examines system deficiencies caused by potential failure modes between the functions of the system. This includes the interactions between the systems and the elements of the systems.
The PFMEA is conducted on a process, whether it be in a manufacturing or a service environment. It is generally recommended to study each machine or sub-process separately. Their inter-relationships can also be studied in a System FMEA. Service FMEAs are usually not preceded by a DFMEA.
Design FMEA DFMEA – Objectives
- Maximize system quality and reliability
- Minimize design-based failure effects on the system
- Should also take into account DFM/A/(X) principles
Process FMEA PFMEA – Objectives
- Maximize system quality, reliability, & productivity
- Minimize production process – based failure effects on the system
- Minimize variation around the design specs due to the process
The key difference in the objectives between the two is the focus of the FMEA. When conducting a DFMEA, the team must remember to think in terms of the causes and effects of failure modes due to the design itself. The causes usually involve product design variables that can be specified by the design team.
Design for Manufacturability/Assembly All other (DFM/A/(X) considerations should be included in the DFMEA as well, e.g., tooling access, robustness to sources of process variation, ability of product to be produced at planned production rates, maintainability, etc. In a PFMEA, the team will be focused on those failure modes and causes that could result from the production or service process itself rather than from the design of the product.
[ASLR2]
Typical Team Structure:
Design Team:
- Responsible Design Engineer* — Leader
- Test Engineer/Technician
- Reliability/Quality Engineer
- Marketing/Product Manager
- Material Management/Purchasing
- Field Service Engineer/Technician Process
Typically,
the responsible designer will lead the DFMEA team. It is important to have cross-functional participation on the team, including at least some of the members from the after PFMEA team.
Process Team:
- Responsible Manufacturing/Process Engineer** — Leader
- Design Engineer*
- Quality/Reliability Engineer
- Tooling Engineer/Technician
- Material Management/Purchasing
- Responsible Operators
- Maintenance Technician
- Manufacturing/Process Engineer**
Usually, but not always, the leadership of the team changes to the responsible process engineer. This person ideally would have also been on the DFMEA team; and the DFMEA team leader would stay on as a member of the PFMEA team. Several other team members, but not all, could change to reflect a heavier emphasis on the process under study.